Wrinkle finish coating



Oct. 18, 1932. F. B. ROOT WRINKLE FINISH COATING Filed March 1. 1929gwvcutox FMN 5. K00? 8 3W 3.%1m Ml Patented Oct. 18, 1932 UNITED STATESPATENT OFFICE FRANK BRIAN ROOT, OF EAST ORANGE, NEW JERSEY, ASSIGNOB TOCHADELOID CHEIICAL COMPANY, 01' NEW YORK, N. Y, A CORPORATION 01 WESTVIRGINIA .wmxrn rnusn coa'rme Application. fled larch 1',

This invention relates to varnishes and enamels and methods of utilizingsuch com positions and particularly to compositions of this characterwhich result in the production 5 of the so-called wrinkled finishes.

In U. S. Patent No. 1,689,892, to Frank B. Root granted October 30,1928, there was disclosed for the first time in the art the productionof wrinkling finishes and compositions to be used therefor together withprocesses of producing articles carrying such finishes. This patentrepresents a very wide departure'from the prior art since it taught theart as stated for the first time how the finish of such compositionscould be controlled to produce desirable and ornamental wrinklefinishes. Prior to this patent, the attempt in the art in connectionwith continuous coatings has always been to produce a rela-' 2o tivelysmooth coating. Where undesirable irregularities of finish appeared inthe prior art, attempts were always made to eliminate such undesirablefactors. However,- under the disclosure of the Root patent refered to,the wrinkling finish was controlled for the first time so that it mightbe used as a basis for highly ornamental coatings on articles ofmanufacture.

For such purposes that patent teaches that drying oils are an essentialcharacteristic of the wrinkling finish varnishes. Among the drying oilsmentioned in that patent and suggested for'these purposes are blownlinseed oil, raw linseed oil, perilla oil, China wood oil, blown Chinawood oil, and partially oxidized or pre-oxidized China wood oil.

As explained in that patent when the surface is coated with a varnish ofthe desired composition and exposed to drying conditions advantageouslyat an elevated temperature, a wrinkle finish of pleasing and attractiveappearance results. The wrinkling seems to be due' to rapid oxidation ofthe surface of the applied film forming a skin over the less oxidizedmaterial on the interiorof the film,"

m. Serial no. 343,721.

the surface skin increasing in volume and expanding laterally and theless oxidized material on the interior of thefilm being of lowerviscosity, flowing into-the fold produced by,

wood oil.

One of the objects of the present invention is the production ofcompositions in the nature of varnishes or enamels which result in theproduction of wrinkle finishes, such composltions containing drying oilswhich do not oxidize as readily as China wood oil.

Other and further objects and advantages will appear from the moredetailed description set forth below, it being understood is givenby wayof illustration only and not by way of limitation since various changesmay be made therein by those skilled in the art .without departing fromthe scope and spirit of the present invention.

In connection with that more detailed description there is shown'in theaccompanying drawing in Figure 1 a plan view of a panel carrying thewrinkle finish of the present invention; and in Figure 2 a cross sectionof such panel A carrying the wrinkle finish B enlarged to ;how thewrinkles or rugosities of the surace.

For producing the desired eifect, compositions are chosen which underproper drying or baking conditions give the particular efi'ectdenominated as wrinkle finish. An imhowever that this more detaileddescription while exce portant component of such compositions is adrying oil. An investigation of the various drying oils that areavailable shows that the conditions under which these drying oils givethe best results varies with the particular dryin oil being utilized.For exam le fient results may be obtained with raw China wood oil orwith blown China wood oil, the best effects with perilla and linseed'oilare obtained when these oils are used either in'the form known as blownor oxidized oils. While the present application is there-foreparticularly concerned. with the utilization of blown and boiled perillaand linseed oil in the production of wrinkle finishes, other less commondrying oils that may be mentioned and may be similarly utilized includechi-a, Oiticica, walnut, poppy-seed. sunflower, candle nut, lumbang,hempseed, fish, etc. The oils which may be used in the production ofwrinkle finishes may be generically referred to as wrinkling oils todistinguish them from the large class of nonwrinkling oils includingprimarily the semidrying and non-drying oils. In referring to thewrinkling oils withwhich the present invention is particularlyconcerned, such oils will be generically referred to in thedescriptionof the invention as oils of the perilla-linseed type.

The production of the best results with wrinkling oils of theperilla-linseed type differentiate themselves from China wood oil inseveral particulars. For example comparisons of four oils, namely blownhina wood oil, untreated-China wood oil, blown perilla oil and blownlinseed oil, show that the rela-,

tive activityofthese wrinkling oils in wrinkling finishes may beexpressed in a series as follows: Blown China wood oil 5; raw China woodoil 6 ;,blown perilla oil 8; and

blown linseed oil 12. This series expresses the fact that the oilsbearing the lowest numbers are the more powerful in their wnnklingtendencies and consequently the order of the oils given above representsthe wrin-' kling power of these oils in the specified compositions,blown China wood oil being the most powerful of the oils mentioned.

Further comparison of the several 011s n relation to the resin contentwhen such res1n is of the wrinkling finish type tobe further definedbelow shows that for the production treated China wood oil to lbs. ofresin.

For blown perilla oils the best ratios are from 10 to 30 gallons of oilto 100 lbs. of resin while for blown linseed oil the best ratios arefrom 14 to 35 gallons of blown linseed oil to 100 lbs. of resin. Theseoil-resin ratios also illustrate a difference between the action of theoil in the wrinkling finish composition- A further factorwhich'illustrates differences between the several wrinkling oils is inconnection with the drying and baking operation. Other factors being thesame except for variations in the composition in the character of oilused, show that in the production of the best effects in compositionsutilizing wood oil (untreated) the time is approximately ten-per centmore than when blown China wood oil is used, while for blown perilla andblown linseed oil the baking temperature should be from 20 to 25 percent more than that used with blown China wood oil compositions. Unlessotherwise indicated below in further defining the present invention, itwill be understood that when blown perilla and blown linseed oils andother blown oils of the perilla-linseed type are re-. ferred to, thesealso include oxidized. oils and similar products although they may notbe specifically mentioned at the particular point under consideration.

,finish must contain a substantial proportion of a wrinkling oil,admixtures of the nonwrinkling oils may be used so long as the amount ofthe latter is not sufficient to eliminate the desired wrinkle effect inthe finish obtained. Y

In general it may be stated that in such admixtures for the bestefiects, not less than half of the oil mixture should be a wrinklingoil. For example two or more wrinkling oils andtwo or morenon-wrinklingoils may be mixed and a varnish produced therefrom with theaddition of the resins, driers and thinners. In such case the sum of theamounts of all the wrinkling oils should desirably be at least one-halfof the total oil mixture. Among the non-wrinkling oils there may bementioned specifically soya bean oil, and other semiand non-drying oilssuch as cotton seed, 'corn, castor, rape-seed, rubberseed, olein, etc.Such non-wrinkling oils may be either the raw oils or the blown orotherwise. treated oils.

Of the resins usable in the production of wrinkle finishes, which resinsmay be de- Ill nominated wrinkligf; finish the following may be noCongo, kaurl, damar, Cumar, Pontianak, manila, Zanzibar, elemi,

' mastic, phenol-formaldehyde resins particstances there may bementioned pyroxylin, ni-

trocellulose, gilsonite, and rosin. These wrinkle inhibiting substancesshould therefore not be used in any proportions in the composition whichwould prevent the desired development of wrinkles in the finish. Suchwrinkle inhibiting substances when used in;

small amounts have a tendency to produce very fine wrinkles while in thelarge amounts they ma completely eliminate the wrinkling efiecla ltosinif used in large amount, also tends to produce irregularities in thesize and in the interval between wrinkles in the resulting finish.

Solvents or thinners are not a main factor since any moderately volatilesolvent can be used. Preferably the major portion of the solvent orthinner should distil below about 325 The thinnerused may be a mixtureof several thinning components. The low boiling thinner evaporates morequickly from the varnish or enamel film, promotes the rapid formation ofa surface skin, and during drying assists in maintaining a greaterdifferential between the degree of oxidation of the surface skin and theoil within the film. When the finish is dried at elevated temperatures,the use of low boiling thinners also assi'sts in eliminating anytendency toward sagging of the finish during the drying operation.

The following are illustrative of the thinners and solvents that may beused: light naptha, toluol, benzol, petroleum ether or ligroin(benzine), acetone, carbon tetrachloride, alcohol, chloroform, ethylacetate, etc., and mixtures of these. To some extent, the character ofthe finish maybe varied by the quantity and character of the thinnerused. Turpentine and other high-boiling thinners may also be used. Morepronounced wrinkles are produced withcompositions containing the lowerboiling thinners.

Driers and drier combinations are also an important element in thecomposition since the wrinkled effect appears to be somewhat determinedby the rate of oxidation; of the wrinkling oil. Such driers as cobaltacetate, red lead, manganese borate, lead linoleate, etc., used alone orin admixture with each other or with other driers are illustrative.

A number of examples of compositions that may be utilized in theproduction ofwrinkle finishes in accordance with the pres blown linseevarnish. The finish obtained is quite even and shows well definedwrinkles.

Example 2' Congo 100 lbs. Lead linoleate 4 lbs. Manganese borate lb.Cobalt acetate lb. Blown perilla oil 10 gals. Light. naphtha 5 gals.Toluol 15 ga'ls.

This is a ten gallon blown perilla varnish that gives fairlyuniformresults when the film is set.

Emample Kaurl 100 lbs 'jRosi'mu 4 lbs Lead linoleate 10 lbs Manganeseborate 1 lbs Cobalt acetate 1% lbs China wood oil 2 gals Blown perillaoil L -22 gals. Light naphtha 5 gals To uol a. 22 gals This exampleillustrates the use of a varnish containing China wood oil together witha relatively large quantity of blown perilla oil. It yields uniformwrinkles that are quite close together and the wrinkles are quite finein texture. Y

. Example 4 Congo- 50'lbs. Kauri 50 lbs. Rosin 5 lbs. Red lead-.. 3 lbs..Manganese borate 1 4 lbs. Cobalt acetate 3% lbs. China wood oil 2%gals. Blownwood oil 3 A gals. Blown perilla oil 3% gals. Light naptha 5gals. Toluol 17 gals.

The mixture of oils given in this example illustrates the use of anumber of wrinkling oils and the wrinkling efiect obtained is very good.Z

In Example 4 the blown perilla oil may be substituted by boiled perillaoil. The wrinkling obtained is also quite satisfactory in the lattercase, the wrinkles however being ,a little coarser than inexampl"whenblown perilla oil is used. Asa matter of fact it appears to be ageneral rule that when part.

l of the wrinkling oils in a mixture. is replaced by a non-wrinking oil,the wrinkles'that are formed in the film upon bakin are slightly.

- Toluol This varnish illustrates the use of blown.

coarser than is obtained when a the oi s are of the wrinkling type.

- Example 5 Cong 100 lbs. Litharge 3 lbs. Manganese borate 1 lb. Blownlinseed oil 7 1%., gal. Blown parilla oil 6 ,4 gal. Tu ntine 2% gal, Lit naphtha-.. 2 gal. To uol gal.

This example illustrates a wrinklin varnish containing both blownperilla and lown linseed oils. he wrinkling effect is satisfactory.

- Ewample 6 Amberol 100 lbs. Lead linoleate 5 lbs. Cobalt acetate 1 lb.

Blown linseed oil 18 gal. Blown soya bean oil 5 gal. 22 gal.

, linseed oil in admixture with a lesser amount of anon-wrinkling oilsuch as blown soya bean oil. Well defined wrinkling which is fairlycoarse is obtained with this composi- Example 8 Congo 100 lbs. Red lead2 lbs. Manganese borate lb. Cobalt linoleate 1 4 lbs. Wood oil 1% gal.Blown wood oil 6 gal. Blown linseed oil 3 gal." Blown parilla oil 2%gal. Blown soya bean oil 2 gal. Li 'ht naphtha v 4 gal. To u l g 17 gal.

tion. The resin used in this case is of the oil-solublephenol-formaldehyde type.

.. Example '7 Cumar 100 lbs. Lead linoleate 4 lbs. Cobalt acetate 11b.

Blown perilla oil; 12 gal. Blown wood oil 4gal. Blown soya bean 'oil 4gal. Light naphtha 8gal. Toluol; f 16 gal.

The wrinkling oils of this example are a mixture of blown perilla andblown wood oils, there being present a non-wrinkling oil,

namely, blown soya bean oil. The wrinkling effect is quite pronounced.

This varnish contains a mixture of various wrinkling oils and a smallamount of the The varnish of Examp e 10 may be m non-wrinkling oil,blown so a bean oil. Upon baking very pronounce wrinkles are produced.

' Example 9 Kanri 100 lbs.

. Red lead 2lbs. Manganese borate Y 1 lb. Cobalt acetate ,5 lb. Blownparilla oil 10 gal. Blown linseed oil 10 Blown soya bean 'oil 3 Xyl l 22gal.

'- Example 9 illustrates a varnish containing This varnish illustrates amixture of wrinkling oils with blown wood oil predominating. Thewrinklin effect is very l e substituting boiled linseed oil for the bblbwn linseed oil specified therein. Thewrinkling eflect obtained withthe modified composition is satisfactory but the wrinkles are somewhatcoarser than result when the composition of Example 10 is used.-

In producing the improved wrinkled finish of this invention, it isadvantageous to dry or bake the applied finish of varnish or enamel,

preferably at an elevated temperature de-- pending on the t pe ofarticle being treated. For metal and-related surfaces a tem erature of150 F. up to approximate y 450 F. may be advantageously used. For woodand similar materials somewhat lower temperature such as 120 F. up to140 F. may be utilized. At elevated temperatures ra id oxidation of thesurface of the applied lm is promotedand any tendency toward diffusionof oxidation products from the surface into the interior of the film islessened. In generahdrying at elevated temperatures ac- .centuates thewrinkling and assists in providing aharder finish.

As an illustration of the relation between the dr ing times andtemperatures of drying or ba ing to produce satisfactory wrinklefinishes the following are given. With compositions that givesatisfactory effects by fivehour treatment at 180 F. similar treatmentfor three hours at 200 F., or two hours at 250 'F. or one and one-halfhours at 300 F. and approximately three-fourths of an hour at 400 F.,may be used. As stated above, the wrinkling finish compositioncontaining wrinkling oils of the perilla-linseed type require from toper cent longer heat treatment at the sametemperature as do similarcompositions utilizing blown wood oil. Dr ing at elevated temperaturesalso assists 1n making this finish resistant to the action of the usualsolvents employed in pyroxylin enamels and lacquers.

Increase in the amount of oil in the compositions result in wrinkling atlower temperatures and hence when the lower temperatures are to beused'in connection with wood and related articles, the compositions maydesirably contain more oil. Further the higher oil content gives addedflexibility so that the long oil compositions are desirable for use. inmetal stamping, or on leather, paper, cloth, rubber, etc.

There have been set forth above a number of considerations directed tothe types of compositions and the baking temperatures which efl'ect thecharacter of the wrinkles produced in the finish. Other factors howeverare also found which affect the character of the wrinkles produced. Forexample the thick ness of the applied film will result in differences inthe finish. Thinner films give finer wrinkles and thicker films coarserwrinkles. When spraying is used, spray nozzles giving coarse atomizationgive greater deposition of composition and-consequently coarserwrinkles, while on the other hand spray nozzles of finer atomizationgive thinner films with finer wrinkles.

For the production of wrinkle finishes having a textured effect by theproduction of accentuated rugosities at certain points or areas in thefinish the articleto be treated may desirably be coated with arelatively heavy coatingof the desired composition and baked in aninclined position which inclined position may vary from a small angle tothe horizontal to a vertical position. The incline of the surface of thearticle bearing the c'oating produces a flowing or movement of thewrinkle coating after it is'applied and at or about the time when thebaking commences and before the baking has caused the setting of thefinish to take place to a point where such movement or flowing would beprevented. The effect of such treatment is to produce waves or areas ofaccentuated rugosities or wrinkles in the more regularly wrinkledfinish.

The flowing or movement of the wrinkle coating after it is applied whichresults in the accentuated rugosites set forth above may be accomplishedin other ways than merely by gravity due to the position of the work.For example air currents or other flowing methods maybe used.

. When gang sprays are used to apply the composition, at certain pointsthe atomization may be made coarser to, produce heavier or thickerlayers at these oints resulting in coarser wrinkles in such t hickerlayers. Accentuated rugosities distributed in the more uniformlywrinkled finishes may be produced in this manner.

The wrinkle finishes are characterized by an exceedingl importantproperty, namely their remarkable hiding quality. This term hidingquality is used in more or less the same meaning that the expressioncovering power is used in the paint art. It is a remarkable thing forexample that a single coat of unpigmented wrinkle finish may be appliedto a bright metal surface and the resulting finish will completely maskthe metal surface. Other pigmented compositions generally require atleast several coats in order to secure a comparable hiding effect.

The baked or-dried finishes of the present invention are particularlyresistant to softening by lacquer compositions and particularly thesolvents used in nitrocellulose lacquers, so that although the rugosesurface of the wrinkle finish affords a very extensive area for theaction of such solvents or lacquers the baking creates a resistance tosuch softening action.

Consequentlythe wrinkle finishes and composition used for producing suchcoatings are particularly desirable as under coats Where a wrinklefinish is desired and'such finishes may then be given one or more coatsof pyroxylin enamels, oilenamels, or baking japans. When pigments areused in. the

wrinkle finish which have a tendency to change orto darken under theaction of elevated temperatures, these finishes may be coated withpyroxylin lacquer compositions.

While certain theoretical considerations have been set forth above in anattempt to explain some of the effects obtained, it should be understoodthat this invention is not limited by such theoretical considerationsbecause the compositions and methods discussed above do result in theparticular effects set forth and it is immaterial what may be the actualcause of such effects. Pronounced effects of the character herein setforth are readily obtained with the compositions and methods outlinedabove. Y

Having set forth my invention, I claim: 1. A coating compositioncomprising a wrinkling oil selected from the group consistingofperillaand linseed oils, a wrinkle finish resin,'a drier and thinner inproportions to yield a wrinkle finish when dried.

, 2. A composition as set forth in claim 1 in which the wrinkling oil isblown perilla oil..

3. A composition as set forth in claim 1 oil.

4. A coating composition comprising a in which the wrinkling oil isblown linseed wrinkling oil containing1 sistin 6. A coating compositioncomprising blown linseed oil, awrinkle finish resin, a drier and thinnerthe ratio of oil to resin being from 14 to gals. of oil to 100 pounds ofresin.

7. A coating composition comprising blown perilla oil, a wrinkle finishresin, a drier and thinner, the ratio of oil to resin being from 10. to30 gals. of oil to 100 pounds of resin.

8. A coating com osition comprising a wrinklin oil selecte from the oupcon- 0 perilla and linseed 011s, a nonwrin ing oil, a wrinkle finishresin, a drier and thinner, the wrinkling oil being at least 50 per centof the oil content of the compositio 9. A composition as set forth inclaim 1 in which the thinner is a low-boiling thinner.

10. A-complosition as set forth in claim 1 in which the t inner is ahigh-boiling thinner. 11. A composition as set forth in claim' 1 inwhich the thinner contains both low-boiling and high-boiling com onents.

12. An article of manu acture carrying a wrinkle finish coating producedfrom a comfposition containing a wrinkling oil selected rom the groupconsisting of perilla and linseed oils. g

13. An article of manufacture carrying a baked wrinkle finish producedfrom a wrinkling oil composition containing blown perilla oil.

14. An article of manufacture carrying a baked wrinkle finish producedfrom a wrinkling oil composition containing blown linseed oil.

15. An article of manufacture carrying a baked wrinkle finish coatingproduced from a wrinkle finish resin, 8. drier and thinner, and bakingthe coated article at a temperature of 120 F. upwards.

18. The process of producing wrinkling finishes on articles ofmanufacture which comprises applying thereto a fin-' ish compositioncontaining blown linseed oil,

a wrinkle finish resin, a drier and thinner,

and baking the coated article at a temperature of 120 F. upwards.

19. The process of producing wrinklin finishes on articles ofmanufacture whic ish composition containing blown per and blown linseedoil, a wrinkle finish resin, a drier and thinner, and bakin the coatedarticle at a temperature of 150 upwards.

comprises applying thereto a wrinklirfig fina oil 20. An article .ofmanufacture carrgin a ro en surface coating'comprising a hard; un

wrinkle film contain a dr oil selected from the group cons' seed oilsand a resin.

21.. A wrinkle finish composition compris-,

ing a drying oil and a non-wrinkling oil in proportions to yield aflexible wrinkle finish when dried on a surface coated therewith.

22. An article of manufacture carrying a wrinkle finish'composition" ofa drying oil and a non-wrinklin oil in roportions yielding a flexiblewrin' e finis coatin IRAN K B. OOT.

a composition containing a wrinkling oil selected from the groupconsisting of perilla and linseed oils, the finish exhibiting areas ofaccentuated rugosities'.

16. The process of producing wrinkling finishes on articles ofmanufacture which comprises applying thereto, a wrinkling finishcomposition containing a wrinkling oil selected from the groupconsisting of perilla and linseed oils, 9. wrinkle finish resin, 8.drier and thinner, and drying the coating at a temperature whichproduces a wrinkle finish.

17. The process of producing wrinkling finishes on articles ofmanufacture which comprises applying thereto a wrinkling finishcomposition containing blown perilla oil,

7 ing 0 perilla and lin

